Multidimensional Index Modulation in Wireless Communications

In index modulation schemes, information bits are conveyed through indexing of transmission entities such as antennas, subcarriers, times slots, precoders, subarrays, and radio frequency (RF) mirrors. Index modulation schemes are attractive for their advantages such as good performance, high rates, and hardware simplicity. This paper focuses on index modulation schemes in which multiple transmission entities, namely, {\em antennas}, {\em time slots}, and {\em RF mirrors}, are indexed {\em simultaneously}. Recognizing that such multidimensional index modulation schemes encourage sparsity in their transmit signal vectors, we propose efficient signal detection schemes that use compressive sensing based reconstruction algorithms. Results show that, for a given rate, improved performance is achieved when the number of indexed transmission entities is increased. We also explore indexing opportunities in {\em load modulation}, which is a modulation scheme that offers power efficiency and reduced RF hardware complexity advantages in multiantenna systems. Results show that indexing space and time in load modulated multiantenna systems can achieve improved performance

Fault modeling and parametric fault detection in analog VLSI circuits using discretization

In this article we describe new model for determination of fault in circuit and also we provide detailed analysis of tolerance of circuit, which is considered one of the important parameter while designing the circuit. We have done mathematical analysis to provide strong base for our model and also done simulation for the same. This article describes detailed analysis of parametric fault in analog VLSI circuit. The model is tested for different frequencies for compactness and its flexibility. The tolerance analysis is also done for this purpose. All the simulation are done in MATLAB software

Inferior Turbinectomy: An Unusual Presentation of Complication of Nasotracheal Intubation

This article describes a case of accidental turbinectomy encountered at the time of tracheal intubation while inducing anesthesia at the time of an elective surgery. This is a rarecomplication in the field of anesthesia with very few reported cases till date. The article highlights the complications which were encountered due to the accidental turbinectomy andthereafter discusses the methods to prevent it

Phosphorus fertilizing potential of biomass ashes and their effect on bioavailability of micronutrients in wheat (Triticum aestivum. L)

Ashes from agricultural biomass in agro-based industries have been found to have most of the plant nutrients except nitrogen and sulphur but are treated as waste material. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of biomass ashes as source of P and their effect on bioavailability of micronutrients in wheat crop. We conducted the pot experiment at glass house of the Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. The experiment consisted of combinations of four P sources [bagasse ash (BA), rice husk ash (RHA), rice straw ash (RSA), fertilizer P (Fert-P)] supplying P at three levels (10, 20 and 30 µg g-1) along with one zero-P control. This experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) having three replications. Application of P through RSA produced significantly higher grain yield (14.3 g pot-1) than BA (12.8 g pot-1) and RHA (12.9 g pot-1) but statistically at par with Fert-P (13.5 g pot-1). Grain Zn content decreased maximum than other micronutrients with application of P from all sources, hence maximum increased P/Zn ratio. Phosphorus applied from all the biomass ashes significantly increased biomass and yield over control. With increase in P application, micronutrients content in grain was significantly decreased, hence decreased bioavailability of micronutrients in wheat grain

The PPE2 protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis translocates to host nucleus and inhibits nitric oxide production

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis, is one of the most successful pathogens of humans. It has evolved several adaptive skills and evasion mechanisms to hijack the immunologically educated host to suit its intracellular lifestyle. Here, we show that one of the unique PPE family member proteins of M. tuberculosis, PPE2, can limit Nitric Oxide (NO) production by inhibiting inos gene transcription. PPE2 protein has a leucine zipper DNA-binding motif and a functional nuclear localization signal. PPE2 was translocated into the macrophage nucleus via the classical importin α/β pathway where it interacted with a GATA-binding site overlapping with the TATA box of inos promoter and inhibited NO production. PPE2 prolonged intracellular survival of a surrogate bacterium M. smegmatis in vitro as well as in vivo. This information is likely to improve our knowledge of host-pathogen interactions during M. tuberculosis infection which is crucial for designing effective anti-TB therapeutics

Management of closed shaft of humerus fractures in non admitted adult patients in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Fracture shaft humerus is among the most common of fractures. Proximal fractures are more common in elderly and are commonly attributed to low-energy falls, they make up to 5% of all fractures and 25% of humerus fractures, middle fractures about 60% and distal fractures contribute to the remaining fractures. Fractures shaft of humerus account for approximately 3% of all fractures encountered by the orthopedic surgeons.Methods: From November 2017 to October 2018 sixty-two fractures of humeral shaft presented at Emergency Orthopedic Department in Government Medical College Jammu, 30 fractures considered suitable for the study. All these patients were treated conservatively by using the Coaptation ‘U’ shaped slab discharged the next day and evaluation done both clinically and radiologically every two weeks.Results: This study showed that the angulation deformities were considerably reduced by the use of U slab and the POP cast. Smoking appeared to have negative effect on the rate of union.Conclusions: Conservative treatment is one of the most effective methods of treatment. Operative treatment should be limited as much as possible to specific indications given below

EyeArt + EyePACS: Automated Retinal Image Analysis For Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in a Telemedicine System

Telemedicine frameworks are key to screening the large, ever-growing diabetic population for preventable blindness due to diabetic retinopathy (DR). Integrating fully-automated screening systems in telemedicine frameworks will make DR screening more efficient, cost-effective, reproducible, and accessible. In this paper, we present the integration of EyeArt, an automated DR screening system, into EyePACS, a telemedicine system for DR screening used in diverse screening settings. EyeArt in- corporates novel image processing and analysis algorithms for assessing image gradability; enhancing images based on median filtering; detecting interest regions and localizing lesions based on multi-scale morphological analysis; and DR screening and thus achieves robustness to the large image variability seen in a telemedicine system such as EyePACS. EyeArt is implemented as a scalable, high-throughput cloud-based system to enable large-scale DR screening. We evaluate the safety and performance of EyeArt on a dataset with 434,023 images from 54,324 patient cases obtained from EyePACS. On this dataset, EyeArt’s screening sensitivity is 90% at specificity 60.8% and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) is 0.883. In a setup where trained human graders review patient cases recommended for referral by EyeArt with low confidence, a workload reduction of 62% is possible. Therefore, EyeArt can be safely integrated into large real world telemedicine DR screening programs such as EyePACS helping reduce workload and increase efficiency and thus help in reducing vision loss due to DR through early detection and treatment

Regulation of homocysteine metabolism by Mycobacterium tuberculosis S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase

Mycobacterium tuberculosis modulates expression of various metabolism-related genes to adapt in the adverse host environment. The gene coding for M. tuberculosis S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (Mtb-SahH) is essential for optimal growth and the protein product is involved in intermediary metabolism. However, the relevance of SahH in mycobacterial physiology is unknown. In this study, we analyze the role of Mtb-SahH in regulating homocysteine concentration in surrogate host Mycobacterium smegmatis. Mtb-SahH catalyzes reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine to homocysteine and adenosine and we demonstrate that the conserved His363 residue is critical for bi-directional catalysis. Mtb-SahH is regulated by serine/threonine phosphorylation of multiple residues by M. tuberculosis PknB. Major phosphorylation events occur at contiguous residues Thr219, Thr220 and Thr221, which make pivotal contacts with cofactor NAD+. Consequently, phosphorylation negatively modulates affinity of enzyme towards NAD+ as well as SAH-synthesis. Thr219, Thr220 and Thr221 are essential for enzyme activity, and therefore, responsible for SahH-mediated regulation of homocysteine